Types and Functions of Water Tanks

What is a Water Tank and Why is it Important?

A water tank is a specially designed container used for collecting and storing water. These tanks can be made from various materials such as plastic, metal, and concrete, and are built to retain water for extended periods. Water tanks come in different types, sizes, and shapes depending on their intended use.

The importance of water tanks is due to the following reasons:

1. Drinking Water Supply: Water tanks are essential in areas with limited water supply, such as rural areas. When water isn’t continuously available, stored water can be invaluable.

2. Emergency Water Reserves: During natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, or droughts, water supplies may be disrupted. In such cases, water tanks provide basic water needs.

3. Preventing Water Scarcity: Water tanks help to conserve water, especially during dry seasons. The stored water can be used for irrigation, livestock, and other daily needs.

4. Agricultural and Industrial Use: Water tanks are crucial in agriculture and industries, where they are used to provide a consistent water supply for crop cultivation, greenhouse systems, and various industrial processes.

5. Environmental and Economic Benefits: Collecting rainwater in water tanks can help reduce water scarcity and conserve resources, providing both environmental and economic benefits.

Main Purpose of Water Tanks

The main purpose of water tanks is to collect, store, and keep water readily available when needed. Here are the key goals for using water tanks:

1. Continuous Water Supply: They act as a reserve in areas with water shortages or interruptions.
2. Emergency Reserves: They provide a backup during natural disasters and emergencies.
3. Rainwater Harvesting: They help make efficient use of rainwater, reducing waste and conserving natural water sources.
4. Agricultural Storage: During drought periods, tanks provide water for irrigation and livestock.
5. Industrial and Commercial Needs: They support production processes, cooling systems, and cleaning purposes, ensuring a continuous water supply.

These purposes highlight the importance of water tanks in the efficient use and storage of water.

Types of Water Tanks

1. Plastic Water Tanks: These are among the most popular and practical options for storing water. Lightweight and resistant to rust, they are widely used in household, agricultural, and industrial settings.

2. Metal Water Tanks: Durable and strong, metal tanks are often used for various industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes. They are usually made from stainless steel, aluminum, or galvanized iron.

3. Industrial and Agricultural Tanks: These are larger tanks specifically designed to store substantial volumes of water for industrial or agricultural purposes, ensuring a continuous supply.

Installation Methods for Water Tanks

Water tank installation methods vary based on the environment, intended use, and tank type. They are generally divided into above-ground and underground installations, each with its advantages and specific requirements.

1. Above-Ground Installation: These are often used in homes, small businesses, and for agricultural purposes. Above-ground tanks are easier to install and maintain.

   • Concrete Base Installation: Tanks are placed on a concrete platform for stability and durability, especially for heavy tanks.
   • Metal Stand Installation: Elevated tanks on metal stands often rely on gravity for water flow and are widely used in agriculture.
   • Direct Ground Installation: Lightweight plastic tanks can be placed directly on the ground, suitable for smaller tanks.

2. Underground Installation: This involves placing the tank below ground, keeping the water cool and saving space. Underground installations are common for large water reserves and for aesthetic purposes on large properties.

   • Excavation and Placement: A pit is dug according to the tank’s size, and the tank is placed inside.
   • Concrete Surrounding Walls: Concrete walls around the tank protect it from soil pressure, ensuring durability.
   • Soil Refill and Insulation: After placement, the surrounding area is filled back in, and the tank is sealed to prevent leaks.

3. Rooftop Installation: Tanks installed on rooftops are common in high-rise buildings. This setup allows water to flow via gravity, reducing energy costs.

   • Metal or Concrete Supports: These secure the tank in place to withstand weight and environmental factors.
   • Safety Measures: Due to exposure to elements, tanks on rooftops must be reinforced against wind and other external forces.

Frequently Asked Questions About Water Tanks

What should be considered when selecting a water tank?

• Consider the tank’s capacity, material (plastic, metal, or concrete), installation location (above or underground), and usage (drinking or technical purposes). UV resistance is also important to extend the tank’s lifespan.

How often should a water tank be cleaned?

• Tanks used for drinking water should be cleaned every six months, while those for other uses should be cleaned annually to prevent algae, sediment, and bacteria buildup.

What is the difference between above-ground and underground tanks?

• Above-ground tanks are easier to install and maintain. Underground tanks, while more complex to install, save space and help keep the water cooler.

What are the advantages of rooftop water tanks?

• Rooftop tanks use gravity for water flow, saving energy, and free up ground space.

Can water stored in tanks be used as drinking water?

• Yes, but the tank must be kept clean, and the water must be safe for consumption. Ideally, drinking water tanks should have a filtration system and cover.